Mixture and method for producing smoke



Feb. 6, 1923. 4,444,342.

J. H. HAMMOND, 1R., ET AL.

MIXTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SMOKE.

ORIGINAL FILED AUG.11,1917.

GASOLENE Patented Feb. 6, )1923.`

JOHN HAYS HLVHVIOND, JR., AND HENRY L: F. Bl'ISY'ElLlZ, OF GLOUCESTER, MASSA- CHUSETTS; SAID BUSWELL ASSIGNOR `TO SAID HAMMOND.

MIXTURE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING- SMOKE.

Application filed .August 11, 1917, Serial No. 185,794.

To all 'whom t may concern Be it known that we, JOHN.. HAYs HAM- MOND, Jr., a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Gloucester, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, and HENRY BUSWELL, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident of Gloucester, in the county of Essex and State of Massachusetts', have invented a certain new and useful Mixture and lMethods for Producing Smoke, of which the following is the speciication.

Some of the objects of this invention are to provide a mixture of material which will be effective in producing rapidly large volumes of dense smoke particularly for the purpose of producing smoke screens in warfare; to provide an improved process of producing quickly dense volumes of smoke; and to provide other improvements as will appear hereinafter. v

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. l is a diagrammatic side elevation in vertical section, of a smoke producer which may/.be utilized in'applying this invention; F ig. 2 is a symbolic representation of amixture form-` ing a part of this invention; and Fig. 3 is a symbolic representation of an' improved process forming a part of this invention.

It is well known that in modern warfareit is frequently desirable to produce quickly large quantities of dense smoke, a s for instance to provide smoke screens for concealing'vessels or for concealing military operavtions from an enemy, and we have discovered thatl a mixture of calcium" carbonate (CaCOs) and pitch when burned in a cony space and under the influence of a restricted or limited amount of air will prov duce quickly large volumes of dense smoke which is particularly suitable for purposes' of warfare.

In producing smoke from this mixture of calcium carbonate and pitch, any well known smoke producer may be used, forinstance such. a smoke-producer as is shown in Fig. 1 comprising a combustion chamber l0 having an outlet through a chimney or delivery pipe 11 and provided with a liquid fuel burner 12, suc'h for instance as a liquid fuel burner arranged to be provided with a fuel pipe 13 with liquid fuel from a tank` 14. The combustion chamber may also be pro'- vided with a plurality' of air inlets 15 armixing a carb ranged to be controlled by a reciprocatory consists Renewed J'uly 12, 1921. Serial No. 484,191.` damper 16 provided with openings 17 arranged to register with the air inlets 15 when the damper 16 is in a suitable position. Tlie improved smoke-producing mixture of calcium carbonate and pitch is placed in the lower portion of the combustion chamber as at 20 to be acted upon by the burner l2. When the mixture 20 is acted upon by the burner 12 under a restricted supply of air through the openings-15, dense volumes of smoke are produced which are delivered into the surrounding atmosphere ,through the pipe'll. During this operation theheat from the burner 12 raises the temperature of the mixture 2O and consequently causes the CaCO3 to be split up into calcium monoxide (CaO) and nascent carbon dioxide (CO2), and the nascent'carbon dioxide thus produced acts in a` well known manner to partially smother or choke the combustionof the pitch and to quickly produce large volumes of dense smoke.

While it has been found that a mixture of calcium carbonate and pitch are effective for the purposes of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to a mixture of these specific substances but might include the combination yof any equivalent substances without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

aving thus fully described this invention, we claim:

l. The process of consists of and tard the combustion of said combustible materialx directing a flamewupon said enclosed materials/and mixing a restricted supply of air with the ignited material.

2. The process of'producing smoke which consists of enclosing a combustible material and aA material which when heated will retard the combustion 0f said combustible material, and subjecting said material to a continuously burning llame.

3. The process. of, producing smoke which of enclosing a combustible material, mixing a'carbonate with said material and breaking up said carbonate by heat to proproducing smoke which enclosing a combustible material lduce nascent carbon dioxide.

4 The process off jectingv said a` material which whenheated will re-` rio p to produce to break up said carbonate placing the nascent carbon dioxide and burning,r mixture under the influence of a rel stricted amount of a1r.

5. The process of producing smoke which consists of enclosing a suitable quantity of pitch, mixing calcium carbonate with said pitch, subjecting themixtureto the heat of a flame to break up said calcium carbonate to produce nascent carbon dioxide, and placing the burning mixture under the. influence of a restricted amount of air.

6. The process of producing smoke which consists in enclosing a suitable quantity of combustible material, mixing a combustion deterent With said material, and subjecting the mixture to a continuously burning flame to cause a slow combustion of said com- JOHN HAYs HAMMONQJR., [L SJ HENRY/L. F. BUsWELL. [L 8.] y 

